The search for mathematical roots, 1870-1940: logics, set theories and the foundations of mathematics from Cantor through Russell to Godel

The book delves into one of the most dynamic periods in the history of mathematics and its foundational structures. It examines the birth of ideas that challenged existing paradigms and established new directions in logic and set theory. The narrative begins with Georg Cantor, whose pioneering work on set theory laid the groundwork for future discourse and exploration. As the story unfolds, it covers the controversies and complexities surrounding the emergence and acceptance of set theories.

Grattan-Guinness carefully chronicles the contributions of Bertrand Russell and his attempt to formalize logic through the lens of the Principia Mathematica, a monumental work that aspired to ground mathematical concepts in rigorous logic. The exploration continues towards the remarkable results of Kurt Gödel, whose incompleteness theorems shook the foundations of mathematics by revealing the inherent limitations of formal systems.

The narrative is broadened by incorporating diverse perspectives and influences from other key mathematical thinkers of the period, including Henri Poincaré and David Hilbert. Their responses to emerging theories contributed to an era of vibrant intellectual debate and advancement. This book provides an in-depth account of the growth of mathematical logic and set theory, all while contextualizing these advancements within the broader historical and philosophical frameworks.

• The work of Georg Cantor introduced a revolutionary approach to understanding infinity and set theory, laying foundational principles for future mathematical thought.
• Bertrand Russell's development of symbolic logic significantly influenced the quest for a logical basis of mathematics, despite facing paradoxical challenges.
• Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems demonstrated the limitations inherent in any system seeking to capture mathematical truths, impacting not just mathematics but also philosophy and logic.
• The book highlights the intricate relationships between various mathematical fields and philosophical considerations that were central to this era of transformation.

"The history of mathematical logic is not just the abstract march of ideas but a dialogue between thinkers with diverse visions and aspirations."

"Set theories did not just expand the realm of mathematics, they challenged our very conceptions of mathematics itself."

"Gödel, by uncovering the limits of what can be known within formal systems, not only influenced mathematics but redefined the philosophical inquiry into certainty and knowledge."

This book is pivotal for anyone interested in the foundations and philosophy of mathematics, providing an insightful examination of a transformative period in history. It meticulously traces the intellectual journeys of some of the greatest minds in mathematical history and their relentless search for certainty and understanding within their field. Readers gain a nuanced comprehension of how foundational theories developed and how these ideas have influenced modern mathematical practices.

Furthermore, Grattan-Guinness presents a rich narrative that not only informs but also inspires readers to appreciate the complexity and beauty inherent in mathematical logic and theory. By doing so, the book unites historical scholarship with philosophical inquiry, making it an essential read for scholars, students, and enthusiasts alike who wish to deepen their knowledge of mathematics and its foundational challenges during a critical period of intellectual history.