Support Refhub: Together for Knowledge and Culture

Dear friends,

As you know, Refhub.ir has always been a valuable resource for accessing free and legal books, striving to make knowledge and culture available to everyone. However, due to the current situation and the ongoing war between Iran and Israel, we are facing significant challenges in maintaining our infrastructure and services.

Unfortunately, with the onset of this conflict, our revenue streams have been severely impacted, and we can no longer cover the costs of servers, developers, and storage space. We need your support to continue our activities and develop a free and efficient AI-powered e-reader for you.

To overcome this crisis, we need to raise approximately $5,000. Every user can help us with a minimum of just $1. If we are unable to gather this amount within the next two months, we will be forced to shut down our servers permanently.

Your contributions can make a significant difference in helping us get through this difficult time and continue to serve you. Your support means the world to us, and every donation, big or small, can have a significant impact on our ability to continue our mission.

You can help us through the cryptocurrency payment gateway available on our website. Every step you take is a step towards expanding knowledge and culture.

Thank you so much for your support,

The Refhub Team

Donate Now

From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America

5.0

بر اساس نظر کاربران

شما میتونید سوالاتتون در باره کتاب رو از هوش مصنوعیش بعد از ورود بپرسید
هر دانلود یا پرسش از هوش مصنوعی 2 امتیاز لازم دارد، برای بدست آوردن امتیاز رایگان، به صفحه ی راهنمای امتیازات سر بزنید و یک سری کار ارزشمند انجام بدین

کتاب های مرتبط:

In the United States today, one in every thirty-one adults is under some form of penal control, including one in eleven African American men. How did the “land of the free” become the home of the world’s largest prison system? Challenging the belief that America’s prison problem originated with the Reagan administration’s War on Drugs, Elizabeth Hinton traces the rise of mass incarceration to an ironic source: the social welfare programs of Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society at the height of the civil rights era. Johnson’s War on Poverty policies sought to foster equality and economic opportunity. But these initiatives were also rooted in widely shared assumptions about African Americans’ role in urban disorder, which prompted Johnson to call for a simultaneous War on Crime. The 1965 Law Enforcement Assistance Act empowered the national government to take a direct role in militarizing local police. Federal anticrime funding soon incentivized social service providers to ally with police departments, courts, and prisons. Under Richard Nixon and his successors, welfare programs fell by the wayside while investment in policing and punishment expanded. Anticipating future crime, policymakers urged states to build new prisons and introduced law enforcement measures into urban schools and public housing, turning neighborhoods into targets of police surveillance. By the 1980s, crime control and incarceration dominated national responses to poverty and inequality. The initiatives of that decade were less a sharp departure than the full realization of the punitive transformation of urban policy implemented by Republicans and Democrats alike since the 1960s.

دانلود رایگان مستقیم

برای دانلود رایگان این کتاب و هزاران کتاب دیگه همین حالا عضو بشین

برای خواندن این کتاب باید نرم افزار PDF Reader را دانلود کنید Foxit Reader

نویسندگان:


نظرات:


5.0

بر اساس 0 نظر کاربران